Serological relationships 6. Properties of Nucleic Acids: • Nucleic acids are insoluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in cold water, but readily dissolved in hot water and dilute alkalies, forming alkali salts. While they have significantly different structures, we can describe both DNA and RNA as polynucleotides (polymers of nucleotides). HISTORIC RESUME Friedrich Miescher in 1869 • Isolated what he called nuclein from the nuclei of pus cells • Nuclein was shown to have acidic properties, hence it became called nucleic acid 3. The group that gives each nucleic acid unit its specificity is the organic base. Based on 2'-substitution, nucleic acids can be classified into two types i.e (i) deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) and (ii) ribo-nucleic acids (RNA). https://www.slideserve.com/lonato/section-c-properties-of-nucleic-acids Tell students that today you will be using a one last, different type of DNA model to explore DNA as well as another nucleic acid called RNA. 1.1 Structure of Nucleic acids Nucleic acids are important bio-molecules endowed with cellular functions like conservation, replication, and transmission of genetic information, rec-ognition as well as catalysis. It is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. There are five nitrogen bases that are found in nucleic acids. Just as the amino acids Depending upon the phage, the nucleic acid can be either DNA or RNA but not both. High molecular weight (more than 10,000) May be proteins or polysaccharides; 2. Parvovirus is the smallest virus with … Viral proteins 5. Starch is the major carbohydrate storage molecule in plants. ther are able to generate an immune response by themselves. Organization of Nucleic Acids in Chromosomes: Overview. The peak for the absorption of UV light by DNA © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS NUCLEIC ACID STRUCTURE Nucleic acids are polynucleotides Their building blocks are nucleotides © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS NUCLEOTIDE STRUCTURE PHOSPHATE SUGAR Ribose or Deoxyribose NUCLEOTIDE BASE PURINES PYRIMIDINES Adenine (A) Guanine(G) Cytocine (C) Thymine (T) Uracil (U) © 2016 Paul Billiet … 8. 31 P NMR is also useful to study the environment of the nucleic acid phosphodiester backbone. In the seeds, caffeine is present as a salt of chlorogenic acid (CGA). From the time of discovery of nucleic acids by Fredrick Miescher in 1870, they were long regarded as something of a curiosity until the structures of the monomer units, the nucleotides, was established in 1909 and that of RNA was proposed by Levene and Tipson in 1935. Simple phages may have only 3-5 genes while complex phages may have over 100 genes. And they’re ready for you to use in your PowerPoint presentations the moment you need them. Chapter 2: Nucleic Acids, Genomics and Proteomics - Chapter 2: Nucleic Acids, Genomics and Proteomics ZHOU Yong Department of Biology Xinjiang Medical University Teaching Requirements 1. Both DNA and RNA have been shown to consist of three groups of molecules: pentose (5-carbon-atom) sugars; organic bases; and inorganic phosphate. RNA can specify a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide (translation). Viruses are composed of a nucleic acid, RNA or DNA - never both . • NUCLIEC ACIDS are macromolecules, found in all cells, which precipitate in the storage, transmission and translation of genetic information. • There are two types of nucleic acids, the ribose nucleic acid (RNA) and the deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA), which on hydrolysis yield the sugar ribose and deoxyribose respectively. RNA- Properties, Structure, Types and Functions. Nucleic acid, naturally occurring chemical compound that is capable of being broken down to yield phosphoric acid, sugars, and a mixture of organic bases (purines and pyrimidines).Nucleic acids are the main information-carrying molecules of the cell, and, by directing the process of protein synthesis, they determine the inherited characteristics of every living thing. The chromatin of a cell is a highly organized aggregate of DNA, basic chromosomal proteins (histones) and nonhistone chromosomal proteins. Nucleic Acid Structure. NMR is most useful for studying nucleic acid structure at the local level, i.e. According to the dogma nucleic acid alone may store information or specify the sequence of gene products, proteins. The nucleotides are of great importance to living organisms, as they are the building blocks of nucleic acids, the substances that control all hereditary characteristics. Nucleic acids are another class of important drug targets. There is no known mechanism for the transfer of genetic information from proteins to nucleic acids. The size of nucleic acids varies immensely. It contains 2–3% caffeine, 3–5% tannins, 13% proteins, and 10–15% fixed oils. The smallest ribonucleic acids are the tRNAs which comprise about 80 nucleotides; their molecular weight is about 30 000. Basically, nucleic acids can be subdivided into two types: deoxy-ribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). size - for example, affecting how well the side chain fits in a binding site Nucleic Acids And Protein Synthesis I. The two functions of DNA comprise the central dogma of molecular biology: • DNA can reproduce itself (replication). He found it behaved as an acid, so the material was renamed nucleic acid. Furthermore, the nucleic acid of interest typically resides within a cell or spore and must be liberated or made available to the other chemical components of the assay. Proteins are constructed through an intricate action blueprinted and carried out by the nucleic acids deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). They are long-chain polymers that consist of monomeric units called nucleotides. ATP ; 3) Form part of coenzymes ; e.g. (detection & quantitation of nucleotides) Capable of forming hydrogen bond 17. A locked nucleic acid (LNA), also known as bridged nucleic acid (BNA), and often referred to as inaccessible RNA, is a modified RNA nucleotide in which the ribose moiety is modified with an extra bridge connecting the 2' oxygen and 4' carbon. 1. The sequence of amino acids in the protein determines its biological role. Proteins are colourless and usually tasteless. A pentose sugar 3. nucleic acid ppt 1. Nucleic Acid Database By Pooja Awatramani Database Utilities Provides structural references in the form of base pair annotation for DNA, RNA, and some proteins ... – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 5a4b76-MDUyZ Just like proteins, nucleic acids are polymeric macromolecules. Note: These models are ones I found in a drawer in my room and they are still available for purchase using the manufacturer information. Therefore, the study of total number and sequence of amino acids in a protein is the study of its primary structure. Overall function. Because of the specific interactions among the bases, nucleic acids spontaneously form secondary or higher-order structures such as duplexes, triplexes and G-quadruplexes (Figure 1b). Nucleic acids are long-chain polymeric molecules. Three different forms of duplex nucleic acid have been described. 2. The four classes of biological molecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Lipids that are liquid at room temperature are composed mostly of unsaturated fatty acids. Image will be uploaded soon. Tell students that today you will be using a one last, different type of DNA model to explore DNA as well as another nucleic acid called RNA. Hence nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides. Biosynthesis of Nucleosides-5′-Triphosphates: Among animals, some amino acids cannot be synthesized and must therefore be supplied through diet (essential amino acids). Nucleic acid is surrounded by a protein coat called the capsid. Nucleotides are found primarily as the monomeric units comprising the major nucleic acids of the cell, RNA and DNA. According to their compositions and the role of nucleic acids, nucleic acid–based aggregates can be classified into two main types: (1) nucleic acid–formed aggregates and (2) nucleic acid–assisted aggregates. Proteins are never able to specify a nucleic acid or protein sequence. The Anatomy of Viral DNA Molecules C A Thomas, Jr, and and L A MacHattie Annual Review of Biochemistry Physical Properties of Deoxyribo-Nucleic Acid J Josse, and and J Eigner Annual Review of Biochemistry Regulation of Protein Synthesis H J Vogel, and and R H Vogel These varied nucleic acids have a myriad of unique forms, all with particular physical and chemical properties that must be taken into consideration when preparing samples for laboratory work. 1) Storage of genetic information ; 2) Storage of chemical energy e.g. There are two kinds of nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). A nucleic acid is a polymer in which the monomer units are nucleotides. Typically, a nucleic acid is a large molecule made up of a string, or “polymer,” of units called “nucleotides.” All life on Earth uses nucleic acids as their medium for recording hereditary information – that is nucleic acids are the hard drives containing … 23.1 Structures of Nucleic Acids The two classes of nucleic acids are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). the nature of base pairs and triplets, nucleic acid-drug interactions and nucleic acid-protein interactions. these allow molecules to be formed from the interaction of higher. The main constituents of coffee are caffeine, tannin, fixed oil, carbohydrates, and proteins. As a class, the nucleotides may be considered one of the most important nitrogenous metabolites of the cell. Polar atoms in the ring or attached to the ring are capable of creating hydrogen bonds with polar atoms of other bases. Examples: Nucleoproteins, Nucleic acids, etc. Activities in the plant 7. The function of RNA is to put Lecture 2 Properties and functions of nucleic acids - Lecture 2 Properties and functions of nucleic acids Reference: Chapter 28 (2e) or 29 (3e) Biochemistry by Voet and Voet BB10006 MVH | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view As we have already studied Nucleic Acids are one of the most important biomolecules present in humans.They store all our genetic information that we pass down to future generations. And they are able to perform their functions, due to the shape and structure they form. NUCLEIC ACID • Nucleic acid are polymers that consist of nucleotide residues. Nucleic acid metabolism encompasses the formation and polymerization of nucleotides into macromolecular structures, such as DNA and RNA, the further modification of these macromolecules and their catabolism and excretion. The backbone is the same for all amino acids while the side chain differs from one amino acid to the next. The process is known as protein biosynthesis and involves the construction of protein chains from individual amino acids in a particular sequence.. Amino acids are either produced by the body or ingested in the diet. protein kinase). Nucleic acid–formed aggregates are structures made up of nucleic acids, which serve as both building blocks and cross-linkers. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Chapter 8 Lehninger 5th ed. Also it contains oil and wax [ 2 ]. Physical and Chemical Properties of Nucleic acids ... DNA extraction Nucleic Acids Structure. – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 4ba28d-OWMyN Function a) Capsid protects the virion in the external environment b) Aids in transfer between host cells 3. 1) Storage of genetic information ; 27 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) The nucleic acids of phages often contain unusual or modified bases, which protect phage nucleic acid from nucleases that break down host nucleic acids during phage infection. ADVERTISEMENTS: In this article we will discuss about the process of biosynthesis of nucleic acids. Nucleic Acids? Structure of the virus particle FIGURE: Relative shapes, sizes, and structures of some representative plant viruses. PPT-DB exploits the well-known fact that protein structure and dynamic properties are highly conserved between homologous proteins. DNA well-suited for an information storage molecule: chemically stable stores information in the varying sequence of nucleotides (the genetic code) its coded sequence can be copied exactly by the synthesis of complementary strands; easily unzipped & re-zipped without damage (weak H bonds) damage to one strand can be repaired by addition of bases that … View chap.1-2. The monomer or the repeating unit is known as the nucleotides and hence sometimes nucleic acids are referred to as polynucleotides. In this article we will discuss about the physico-chemical properties of nucleic acids. Here, a newly developed database, PROTAC-DB, is therefore introduced with a user-friendly web interface. Functions of nucleic acids . RNA or ribonucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides which is made up of a ribose sugar, a phosphate, and bases such as adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. They are precipitated by HCL and by excess of acetic acid. The same amino acid can fall into multiple groups (Table 2.2). Nucleic acids are polynucleotide chains in which ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides are the monomeric units (Section 1.4) of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) respectively.Nucleotides are composed of three component parts: a heterocyclic ring structure, a pentose sugar and a phosphate group, each of which contributes to the chemistry of the unit. The structure of proteins can be divided into four levels of organization: 1. The monomeric units of nucleic acids are referred to as nucleotides. THE NUCLEIC ACIDS MEENAKSHY SUDEEP 2. A‑form nucleic acids and Z‑DNA. Note: These models are ones I found in a drawer in my room and they are still available for purchase using the manufacturer information. Two types of polymers: DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view. The most common form, present in most DNA at neutral pH and physiological salt concentrations, is B-form. Herpesviruses express a large number of enzymes involved in metabolism of nucleic acid (e.g. It plays a key factor in transferring genetic information from one generation to the next. We now know that nucleic acids are found throughout a cell, not just in the nucleus, the name nucleic acid is still used for such materials. Nuclein is the material found in the nucleus, consisting mainly of nucleic acids, protein, and phosphoric acid. They are precipitated by HCL and by excess of acetic acid. Structure of RNA: RNA is a long-chain molecule built up of repeating nucleotide units linked by 3′ … B. They are of particular significance in the medicinal chemistry of certain anticancer drugs and gene silencing therapeutics. By proper adjustment of the pH of an aqueous solution of amino acids LL point is reached where the net electrical charge on the amino acid is zero. The nucleic acid is encased in a protein shell, which may be surrounded by a lipid-containing membrane. • The sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid molecule serves as a blueprint to encode the correct sequence of amino acids for a protein. Polynucleotides consist of nucleosides joined by 3′,5′-phosphodiester bridges. In 1889, Richard Altmann investigated the chemical properties of nuclein. Each nucleotide consists of three parts: A nitrogen base ( a base that contains N nitrogen atoms) A five- carbon sugar. Properties of Nucleic Acids: • Nucleic acids are insoluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in cold water, but readily dissolved in hot water and dilute alkalies, forming alkali salts. They are precipitated by HCL and by excess of acetic acid. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are two major types of nucleic acids. View BBS 1123 Chapter 2.ppt from BIS 1-4 at University of Selangor, Bestari Jaya. u Like the proteins, the nucleic acids are biopolymers of high molecular weight with mononucleotide as their repeating units, just as amino acids are the repeating units of proteins. Chemical constituents. Size: The size of virus ranges from (20-300) nm in diameter. DNA helicase/primase) and processing of proteins (e.g. Nucleic acid refers to … Viruses are the smallest infectious agents (ranging from about 20 to 300 nm in diameter) and contain only one kind of nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) as their genome. Nucleic Acids and the Genetic Code ... Properties and uses of starch. Properties of pyrimidine bases :- Soluble at body pH Also absorb UV light at 260 nm Capable of forming hydrogen bond Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a synthetic analog of DNA/RNA (Figure 1) with 2-([2-Aminoethyl] amino) acetic acid backbone, which results in achiral and uncharged mimic.It is regarded as DNA but has a neutral peptide backbone on the place of a negatively charged sugar-phosphate backbone and due to their unique physical and chemical properties such as resistant to … Under these specific conditions the molecule would not migrate to either electrode under the influence of an electric field.The pH where this phenomena is exhibited is termed the isoelectric point and is a char- DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid which is a molecule that contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce. Besides physical properties, several factors pertaining to the mode of replication play a role in classification: the configuration of the nucleic acid (ss or ds, linear or circular), whether the genome consists of one molecule of nucleic acid or is segmented, … Figure 4: The central dogma of molecular biology. A nitrogen heterocyclic base 2. DNA contains two purine bases (adenine and guanine) and two pyrimidine bases (cytosine and thymine). A protein may contain 20 different kinds of amino acids. The bridge "locks" the ribose in the 3'-endo (North) conformation, which is often found in the A-form duplexes.. The genetic message resides in the sequence of bases along the polynucleotide chain. Nucleic acids – Structure and physico-chemical properties. DNA- Structure, Properties, Types, Forms, Functions. Individual properties :- PROPERTIES OF PURINE BASES:- Sparingly soluble in water Absorb light in UV region at 260 nm. Adenine, guanine, thiamin and cytosine are found in DNA, whereas, … To the best of our knowledge, this is the first online database that collects the diverse information related to PROTACs, including their chemical structures, biological activities, and physicochemical properties. DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, long, thread-like polymers made up of a linear array of monomers called nucleotides All nucleotides contain three components: 1. Ribonucleotides have a 2’-OH Deoxyribonucleotides … Prepared by; Farah Shireen Contents Introduction Occurrence Composition Nomenclature Molecular size Topology Sequences Types Sturucture Methods of study FAQs. Ask students to move to their lab tables. Contaminating proteins therefore hardly affect the con-centrationsofnucleicacids,asmeasuredbyA 260.Ina1:1 mixture of nucleic acids and proteins, the proteins contribute only about 2% to the total absorbance at 260nm. Posses antigenic properties denovo, i.e. 26.2 Composition of Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are polymer of nucleotides. Methods of transmission . 2.4). (A) Flexuous thread-like virus. Different proteins have different sequences. Biological Properties ; Four biological properties characterize members of the Herpesviridae family. A phosphate residue 11. Recently, many researchers have reported that DNA nanostructures, such as tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), have great potential to be useful tools in clinical and laboratory applications due to their programmable shapes, functional sites, and biological responses. Although the DNA in the nucleus specifies the amino acids and their sequence, it is in the cytoplasm that the protein build-up takes place. Nucleic acids are long-chain polymeric molecules, the monomer (the repeating unit) is known as the nucleotides and hence sometimes nucleic acids are referred to as polynucleotides. Nucleic acidsare the acidic component of nuclei, first identified by Meischer in the late 19thcentury. Sugars There are only two types of sugar present in nucleic acids, ribose which Ask students to move to their lab tables. Fig 2.2 Properties of Amino Acid Side Chains (R-groups) Amino acids are grouped by the chemical properties of the side chain (Fig. Nucleic acids with G-rich motifs form G-quartets stabilized by Hoogsteen base pairs under certain conditions (Figure 1a). Two distinct patterns of shape. Introduction to Nucleic Acids: Structural Properties of Nucleic Acid Building Blocks Function of DNA and RNA DNA and RNA are chainlike macromolecules that function in the storage and transfer of genetic information. Each amino acid has an amine group at one end and an acid group at the other and a distinctive side chain. Nucleotides consist of a nucleoside (the combination of a pentose monosaccharide molecule and a nitrogenous base) and a phosphate group. Nucleic acids have similar basic structures with important differences. 94. Each nucleotides has three parts: a five-membered ring monosaccharide, a nitrogen-containing cyclic compound that is a base, and a phosphate group. - Some viruses have a lipid envelope or membrane surrounding a nucleocapsid core. Figure 5: Structures of oligonucleotides. A Phosphate group. Properties of Nucleic Acids: • Nucleic acids are insoluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in cold water, but readily dissolved in hot water and dilute alkalies, forming alkali salts. These instructions are found inside every cell and are passed down from parents to their children. 1. Starch is produced from glucose made during photosynthesis. DNA & RNA are information storage molecules. These are homogeneous and crystalline. On the basis of immune response 1. Nucleic acids: - Nucleic acids: Information molecules Contain H, O, N, C, and P Monomers: Nucleotides Nucleotide has three parts 5 carbon sugar Nucleic acid/nitrogenous … BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES (Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids ) … The monomeric unit of nucleic acids is known as nucleotide and is composed of a nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate. thymidine kinase), DNA synthesis (e.g. of complex cells. However, they also are required for … They are composed of monomer nucleotides connected like links in a chain to form nucleic acid polymers. 5. Capsid structure a) Formed from individual protein subunits called protomers b) Usually there are several different types of protomers. These vital macromolecules are typically made of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorus and most importantly, carbon. cAMP ; 26 Functions of nucleic acids . Nucleic Acids: General Properties. Physical Properties of Proteins. 5. Oleic acid and linoleic acid are unsaturated fatty acids that are common in vegetable oils. That is the classic, right-handed double … Nucleic acid amplification and analysis methods are sensitive to contamination by inhibitors, which can often accompany samples that are collected from the open environment. The proteins range in shape from simple crystalloid spherical structures to long fibrillar structures. Users may query PPT-DB with a sequence of interest and have a specific property predicted using a sequence similarity search against PPT-DB's extensive collection of proteins with known properties. Structures of Nucleic Acids CHAPTER 2 STRUCTURES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids, which are the polymeric acids isolated from the nucleus of cells. DNA and RNA can be represented as simple strings of letters, where each letter corresponds to a particular nucleotide, the monomeric component of the nucleic acid polymers. Nucleic acids can be defined as organic molecules present in living cells. The source of the envelope is … Elemental analysis of nucleic acids showed the presence of phosphorus, in addition to the usual C, H, N & O. The main function of nucleic acid is the transfer of genetic information and synthesis of proteins by processes known as translation and transcription. See also Nucleic Acids: General Properties. A. Nucleic acids are organic compounds that control all the activities of a cell. They are major components of all cells ~15% of the cells dry weight. Introduction Complex organic substances present in living cells. A fixed number of amino acids are arranged in a particular sequence. What are Nucleic Acids? The “backbone” of a nucleic acid molecule is formed by the repeating sequence of pentose and phosphate groups, and this is the same in all molecules. The entire infectious unit is termed a virion. - All viruses have a protein coat (capside ) or shell that surrounds and protects the nucleic acid core. Nucleic acids (DNA RNA) are long chains of repeated nucleotides A nucleotide consists of: 1- Nitrogenous base 2- Pentose sugar 3- One or more phosphate groups The DNA of the nucleus makes a single strand of messenger RNA (ribo-nucleic acid) which leaves the nucleus and builds up the protein in the cytoplasm. 8 Nucleic Acid Isolation and Purification Manual Selection Guide 1 Nucleic Acid Type Subtype Origin/Source Scale Recommended Product see Page DNA Genomic tissue, cultured cells, bacteria, yeast, blood, dried blood spots
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