1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS), often shortened to tensile strength (TS), ultimate strength, or within equations, is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking. Average Shear Strength of Materials Material Shear Strength (PSI) Chart Multiplier Aluminum 1100-0 9,500 .19 1100-H14 11,000 .22 3003-H14 14,000 .28 2024-T4 44,000 .88 5005-H18 19,000 .38 6063-T5 18,000 .36 6061-T4 24,000 .48 6061-T6 29,000 .58 7075-T6 54,000 1.08 Brass Rolled Sheet (Soft) 42,000 .84 1/2 Hard 56,000 1.12 The shear stress in any section obtained from the ultimate load condition should be the ultimate shear stress at that section. 5086 is an aluminum alloy, primarily alloyed with magnesium. This formula should only be used as an estimation. Strength, ksi Ultimate Yield In2in. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare 7005-T5 aluminum to: 7000-series alloys (top), all aluminum alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). 7xxx series aluminum alloys The strongest aluminum alloys. However, they have a big disadvantage - they are prone to stress corrosion. ... 7xxx series aluminum alloys. The solubility of zinc in the aluminum decreases from 31,6 % at 275 ° C to 5,6 % at 125 ºС (figure 2). Most durable alloys 7xxx series. ... Aluminium alloy 7075. ... Magnesium in aluminum alloys 7xxx. ... Copper Aluminum Alloys 7xxx. ... Shear Strength = 0.3447kn/mm 2. What kind of Factor of Safety are you using on your Ult. Shear Strength 6061 T6 is a heat treated wrought alloy. Aluminum fasteners are strong enough to be used in high- ... Shear strength, psi ASTM material designation 2024 - T4 6061-T6 6262-T9 7075-T73 0.063-1.000 0.125-6.500 sample geometry—lap-shear samples have higher strength than Machinability 70 % 70 % 0-100 Scale of Aluminum Alloys Shear Modulus 26.9 GPa 3900 ksi Shear Strength 331 MPa 48000 psi AA; Typical Electrical Properties Electrical Resistivity 5.15e-006 ohm-cm 5.15e-006 ohm-cm AA; Typical at 68°F post-buckling, and ultimate strength of flat plates is discussed in Section 4.3. Aluminium 6061-T6 mechanical properties are listed in the following tables including yield strength (yield stress), ultimate tensile strength, shear strength, modulus of elasticity, young’s modulus, etc. Post. 5.1 The intent of this method is to provide a means of measuring the ultimate shear strength of aluminum-alloy wrought and cast products. yield ultimate (tensile) F F A L. 3 Shear Strength IIn general, material fails in shear ... Shear Strength ~ 0.75 Tensile Strength IWeld strength analysis is generally based on Shear Strength. Note: the shear strength must fall within the constraints of a suitable safety factor. Shearing Strength; Shearing strengths of aluminum alloys vary somewhat, but will average about 60% of the ultimate tensile strength. Batches A-C in Fig. Strength. When no shear strength is given for common carbon steels with hardness up to 40 HRC, 60 % of the ultimate tensile strength of the bolt is typically used as acceptable shear strength. Aluminum 5083 is a non-heat treatable alloy known for its resistance to extreme environments, including seawater corrosion and industrial chemicals. See tensile strength. Uses. It is usefil in almost any application due to its strength, heat treatability, comparatively easy machining, and weldability. 1. UTS or ultimate tensile strength is the stress or pounds per square inch where an alloy will fail or break. E505 is for screw sizes from #0 through #10; E506 and E507 for sizes from 1/4 in. As an example for a 4mm blind rivet the shear strength quoted is 3,1kN (mandrel not in shear plane) and 6,7kN (mandrel in shear plane. Shear Strength τ(MPa) Tensile Strength σb(MPa) Elongation σs (%) Yield … It is intended for products that are too thin to be tested according to Test Method B769. Its strength and light weight are also desirable in other fields. Students should verify this equation, especially the result for Q. Scope. For example, 7075 aluminum has a yield strength of 73,000 psi, and carbon steel has a yield strength of 47,900 psi. Adherends: 2024 T-3 Bare 0.25" thick aluminum … Ultimate Bearing Strength 607 MPa 88000 psi Edge distance/pin diameter = 2.0 Bearing Yield ... Machinability 50 % 50 % 0-100 Scale of Aluminum Alloys Shear Modulus 26.0 GPa 3770 ksi Estimated from similar Al alloys. Compression, in terms of T. Shear in terms of T . Cold-working characteristics are poor for T9 temper. The strength of a material can refer to yield strength, ultimate strength, or fracture strength. It must be noted that a blind rivet is normally used for lighter structures with thinner section plates. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare 1100-O aluminum to: 1000-series alloys (top), all aluminum alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). With medium to high strength, good toughness and a good surface finish, it maintains most of the good qualities of aluminum.Welded by all methods and can be furnace brazed. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare 6082-T6 aluminum to: 6000-series alloys (top), all aluminum alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). Re: Strength of Cast aluminum. aluminum 6061 shear strength . 7068 is the strongest commercially available aluminium alloy. 7068-T6511 has typical ultimate tensile strength of 103 ksi (710 MPa) versus a similar product produced from 7075-T6511 that would have a typical ultimate 20 tensile strength of 93 ksi (640 MPa). A full bar means this is the highest value in the … Tensile Strength, Ultimate : 310 MPa: 45000 psi: AA; Typical : 24.0 MPa @Temperature 371 °C: 3480 psi @Temperature 700 °F : 32.0 MPa @Temperature 316 °C: 4640 psi @Temperature 601 °F : 51.0 MPa @Temperature 260 °C: 7400 psi @Temperature 500 °F : 131 MPa @Temperature 204 °C: 19000 psi @Temperature 399 °F : 234 MPa @Temperature 149 °C: 33900 psi @Temperature 300 °F : 290 MPa 4 shows the test results in term of ultimate strength ~or peak load!, which corresponds to the crack initiation of the spot welds based on the observation during the tests. through 1 in. It has elongation of 3-9%. Ftu-int = ultimate tensile strength of internal threads (aluminum part) Basically if the aluminum part's thickness is equal or greater than the bolt diameter, use Le = thickness. Matter Index. 7075 aluminum is a 7000-series aluminum alloy: the main alloying addition is zinc and it is formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 0.5 times tensile is the safe way to do it, as advocated in the "Introduction to Aircraft Stress Analysis" course at Cranfield, UK. For round bar i... The shock-wave phenomena generated by femtosecond laser pulses in aluminum films 0.5 to 1.2 μm in thickness were studied. The spall strength of aluminum at strain rates of about 10 9 s-1 is comparable with its "ideal" tensile strength and is in good agreement with molecular dynamics calculations. 20 ga . The wrought category includes rolling, extruding, drawing, forging, and a number of other more specialized processes. The weld eff will also reduce the allowable load further. For more details about the shearing strength including how to calculate it, you can refer to the answer from Wikipedia. thick specimen In 4D 1⁄ 2 in. All About 6061 Aluminum (Properties, Strength And. strength yield strength (0.5%ext. [email protected] +86 769 8289 0830 ... it breaks, this is ultimate tensile strength. (in) Stress (psi) Elong. It has the highest ductility compared to the other variants of 1100 aluminum. The Billet Process and Strength Type of Stress Yield Ultimate ... Shear 0.6F Fsu ty Designing Aluminum Structures 42 Some Aluminum Alloy Strengths Alloy-temper, product Fty (ksi) Ftu (ksi) 5052-H32 sheet & plate 23 31 ... Effect of Welding on Strength Designing Aluminum Structures 48 4. When specifying 3003 aluminum, certain metrics such as the yield strength, ultimate strength, shear strength, modulus of elasticity, and shear modulus should be known. However, your question is quite ambiguous or not that specific. Much of the strength comes from the rolling process and subsequent treating/tempering. Technical conditions for inspection and … MMPDS-09 Table 8.1.2(b)) Tensile Strengths of Aluminum: Tempers T361 T861 were formerly designated T36 and T86, respectively. underload) yield strength (0.2% offset) yield strength (0.05% offset) el rockwell hardness vickens hard. If you have any questions or good suggestions on our products and site, or if you want to know more information about our products, please write them and send to us, we will contact you within one business day. Available test results for the ultimate shear resistance of welded aluminium alloy plate girders are reviewed and discussed. The hardening capacity (stress change from yield strength to ultimate strength) increases significantly with temperature for both alloys. Table of Modulus of Elasticity, Strength Properties of Non-Metals Ultimate Strength, Yield Strength, Modulus of Elasticity Modulus of Elasticity, Strength Properties ... in Shear G: Aluminum Alloys, Cast. Check the flexural shear stress: For a solid semi-circular section, . 7075 is widely used for construction of aircraft structures, such as wings and fuselages. In brittle materials the ultimate tensile strength is close to the yield point, whereas in ductile materials the ultimate tensile strength can be higher. Rapture Strength Rapture strength is the strength of the material at rupture. Scope. Table 6 Typical room-temperature mechanical properties of 1100 aluminum 1~ Elongation, % Tensile Yield !/16 in. If the maximum shear stress on the throat governs the strength, then, for a combination of longitudinal and transverse forces: (RL2 + RT2/2),/2 Perimeter = 20×4 = 80mm. Tension Strength Bending Tests ducted to establish the ultimate force for the Z-direction of loading and, in particu lar, how T-joints resist moments. Overview. Thread Tensile Stress Area Calculator. 1) Aluminum 5083 H-116 plate, as an example, has a yield strength of around 34,000 psi and an ultimate strength of around 45,000 psi. aluminium) fail in shear, whereas brittle materials (e.g. This requires that the ultimate tensile strength of the base metal is at least 0.7 that of the filler metal to avoid failure at the interface. The information and data presented herein are typical or average values and are not a guarantee of maximum or minimum values. In anisotropic materials, testing may be performed in any of the six possible shear planes. The properties that may be obtained from this test method include shear stress vesus engineering strain response, ultimate shear strength, ultimate engineering shear strain and shear chord modulus of elasticity. Aluminum Structural Design Overview Limit states In European standards, it will be given as EN AW-7075. However, the deflection is already higher than ideal. 5052 aluminum sheet is the highest strength alloy of the non-heat-treatable aluminum grades. In engineering, shear strength is the strength of a material or component against the type of yield or structural failure when the material or component fails in shear.A shear load is a force that tends to produce a sliding failure on a material along a plane that is parallel to the direction of the force. Below is a conversion chart that converts sheet metal gauge numbers into metal thickness. The ultimate shear strength of a solid rivet of 4mm dia (assuming a shear strength of about 336 MPa) = 4.2 kN. EN standards for aluminium. Scope. When no shear strength is given for common carbon steels with hardness up to 40 HRC, 60% of the ultimate tensile strength of the bolt is typically used as acceptable shear … It exhibits excellent fluidity, pressure tightness, and resistance to hot cracking. Table 6 Typical room-temperature mechanical properties of 1100 aluminum 1~ Elongation, % Tensile Yield !/16 in. 1. UTS or ultimate tensile strength is the stress or pounds per square inch where an alloy will fail or break. Consider a full pent weld and HT if full strength is required. 1.1 This test method covers single shear testing of thin wrought and cast aluminum alloy products to determine shear ultimate strengths. 7075 is widely used for construction of aircraft structures, such as wings and fuselages. An increase in material shear strength will increase the shearing force. RIVNUT® Size Aluminum Steel Stainless Steel #4-40 158 316 515 #6-32 230 460 749 #8-32 294 588 958 #10-32 374 748 1220 1/4-20 710 1100 1790 5/16-18 930 1750 2850 3/8-16 1260 2420 3940 1/2-13 1270 2440 3970 Aluminum RIVNUT® fasteners were tested in 2024-T4 aluminum plates. Actual shear strength can be higher depending on the actual tensile and yield strengths of the material used. Shear Fatigue strength strength thick thick Hardness, strength limit(h) Temper MPa ksi MPa ksi specimens specimens HB(a) MPa ksi MPa ksi O ..... 90 13 34 5 35 45 23 62 9 34 5 Ultimate Strength The maximum ordinate in the stress-strain diagram is the ultimate strength or tensile strength. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS), often shortened to tensile strength (TS), ultimate strength, or within equations, is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking. The screw thread on the external surface of cylinder or cone is called as the external thread. 7075 is the Aluminum Association (AA) designation for this material. Typical ultimate shear and tensile values of Klik-Fast rivets are listed by rivet body diameter and alloy. Relationship between Shear stress and tensile Stress. 5.1 The intent of this method is to provide a means of measuring the ultimate shear strength of aluminum-alloy wrought and cast products. Cold formability is considered fair, yet it is one of the most popular alloys for high strength tubing requirements because of the superior grain structure that can be … ; E508 and E509 for sizes from 3/4 in. 7068-T6511 has typical ultimate tensile strength of 103 ksi (710 MPa) versus a similar product produced from 7075-T6511 that would have a typical … Die Clearance. shear plane. 6061 is clearly a stronger material, but what does the manufacturing process do? It is intended for products that are too thin to be tested according to Test Method B769. See tensile strength. Modulus of Resilience Yet, aluminum has 1/3 the density of carbon steel. Chapter 8 discusses the results of benchmark studies on the ultimate Tensile Ultimate Strength of Member Not in Contact with Screw Head, Ftu2 = 38 ksi Shear Strength of Screw, V screw = 0.614 kips OK > 0.250 kips Use 4,000psi Non-Shrink Grout in Min 3"SQx4"Deep Blockout or 3" Diax4"Deep Hole with 4 ½" Min Edge Distance (No Rebar) or 1¼" Min Edge Distance when #3 or Larger Slab Edge Rebar Present SUBJECT: PROJECT: Double shear test is used to determine the shear strength (ultimate shear stress) of the mild steel specimen. The ultimate strength for 6063 aluminum alloy is 241 MPa (35,000 psi). Post. Universal testing machine (UTM) is used for performing double shear test. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Essential Reference for Architects and Designers Now Available in Association Bookstore. The Aluminum Association, Inc. ... • load and resistance factor design of simple shear connections and moment shears ... producers, users, ultimate consumers, and those having a general interest to meet and write standards for materials, products, systems, and services. Titanium shear stress is rated between 40 to 45 MPa depending on alloy properties while the shear strength of aluminum is rated between 85 to about 435 MPa. We can see that the plastic range of aluminum is considerably less than steel (around 11,000 psi plastic range for aluminum, or roughly 24% of the material's ultimate strength). This problem has been solved! Aluminum Die Casting Alloy. In general: ductile materials (e.g. Trex Fencing composite provides a beautiful, unique, low-maintenance alternative to wood and vinyl. It has elongation of 3-9%. aluminum) fail in shear, whereas brittle materials (e.g. Thickness = 3mm. If that were not enough, it is also capable of being anodized, adding a … The latter is easier to operate. Aluminum alloys are divided into the wrought and cast categories according to how they are produced. Data obtained by this method are used to calculate minimum properties that can be utilized in the design of structural members such as found in aircraft. Modulus of Rigidity - G - (Shear Modulus) is the coefficient of elasticity for a shearing force.It is defined as "the ratio of shear stress to the displacement per unit sample length (shear strain)" Modulus of Rigidity can be experimentally determined from the slope of a stress-strain curve created during tensile tests conducted on a … pipe dimensions and in turn used the leftmost equation in (1) as a check on strength. The Billet Process and Strength In brittle materials the ultimate tensile strength is close to the yield point, whereas in ductile materials the ultimate tensile strength … The shear strength of 6061 aluminum alloy is 207 MPa (30000 psi), and these values are summarized in Table 1. Fatigue strength is the ability of a material to resist breaking under cyclical loading, where a small load is repeatedly imparted on the material over time. shear strength fatigue strength* izod impact strength in. 1.1 This test method covers single shear testing of thin wrought and cast aluminum alloy products to determine shear ultimate strengths. Much of the strength comes from the rolling process and subsequent treating/tempering. Only a strength check for simple shear is necessary. To illustrate, consider the difference in shear strength between two Grade 8 bolts: one with the threads in the shear plane, the other with the shank in the shear plane. and properties of material in the basic temper. 1/2 in. So while the ultimate tensile strength is less on 6061, the yield strength and shear strength are both significantly higher. TVP is correct. The Maximum Distortion Energy Theorem shows that shear stress is approximately 0.577 that of normal yield strength. I've found thi... Common Rivet Diameter/Length Chart MS20470 Universal Head - Approximate Pieces Per Pound T651 temper 7075 has an ultimate tensile strength of at least 67,000 – 78,000 psi (462 – 538 MPa) and yield strength of 54,000 – 67,000 psi (372-462 MPa). All technical research and testing is done 8. I think part of the answer lies in how you want to use this. Do you want the part to shear as in a shear pin or do you want it not to shear. 2L95 is the British Standard (BS) … Shear (psi) Elong. Figure 18 Engineering stress-logarithmic strain relations of (a) 5083-H116 and (b) 6061-T651 measured using DIC after exposure at 20°C/min. We guarantee that your information will not be divulged to … 3) Ultimate strength: the utmost tensile, compressive, or shearing stress that a given unit area of a specific material can bear without breakage or deformation. Type T= Titanium,45CB, Ultimate Strength and Temp.,50,000PSI Note: *Undriven Shear Strength. Scenario 2. Re: Strength of Cast aluminum. % f ksi ksi ksi ksi % bc f30t 500 3000 ksi ksi ft-lb mm. c) Discuss failure mechanisms of both aluminum and graphite. ARLINGTON, VA. — Today, the Aluminum Association released the 2015 Aluminum Design Manual, the 10 th edition of an essential reference for all professionals working with aluminum in structural applications. F = 14,130 lbs per hole, so I should be able to support over 28,000 pounds for the two holes. It has the highest strength compared to the other variants of 7005 aluminum. Jan 31, 2021 For static applications, the yield strength is the more important design constraint as per industry standard design practices; however, the ultimate strength can be useful for certain applications that call for it. Banerjee, et al. the ultimate strength. Flat plates are often augmented with If the ultimate shear strength of the weld = fw Rn = fw ×0.707 ×a ×Lw φ Rn = 0.75×fw ×0.707 ×a ×Lw i.e., φ factor = 0.75 fw = shear strength of the weld metal is a function of the electrode used in the SMAW process. brinell hard. Steel is strong and less likely to warp, deform or bend underweight, force or heat. Nevertheless, the strength of steel's tradeoff is that steel is much heavier/much denser than aluminum. Steel is typically 2.5 times denser than aluminum. Aluminum Alloy and Temper: Ultimate shear strength, MPa (ksi) Modulus of elasticity, GPa (10 6 psi) Fatigue endurance limit, MPa (ksi) 6061-O: 85 (12) 69 (10) 60 (9) 6061-T4, T451: 165 (24) 69 (10) 95 (14) Al 6061-T6, T651: 205 (30) 69 (10) 95 (14) Alclad 6061-O: 75 (11) 69 (10) – Alclad 6061-T4, T451: 150 (22) 69 (10) – Alclad 6061-T6, 6061-T651: 185 (27) 69 (10) – Ultimate shear strength (lbs.) As aluminum content is increased to between 8% and 10%, the alloys are progressively strengthened by appearance of the harder body-centered cubic beta phase, which additionally makes the bronzes more suitable for hot working and casting. Thick Adherend Shear Properties – ASTM D5656 Cure Cycle: 270°F, 60 minutes, 40 psi, 1°F/min. cast iron) fail in tension. Aluminum possesses the best strength-to-weight ratio of any metal in common use. UTS (Ultimate tensile strength), often shortened to TS (tensile strength) or ultimate strength is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking. 6061 Aluminum is, by any measure, the most commonly used aluminum alloy in the world. 7075-T651 aluminum plate has a typical modulus of elasticity of 71.0 GPa (10,300 Ksi) and a typical ultimate shearing strength of 48 KSI or 331 MPa. in Tension (E) x 10 6 psi: in Shear, in terms of E. Cast iron, grey, class 20: 20 a For shear stress τ {\displaystyle \tau } applies 1. τ = σ 1 − σ 3 2 , {\displaystyle \tau ={\frac {\sigma _{1}-\sigma _{3}}{2}},} where 1. σ 1 {\displaystyle \sigma _{1}} is major principal stress and 2. σ 3 {\displaystyle \sigma _{3}} is minor principal stress. While featuring limited machinability due to its exceptional strength, AL 5083 is the material of choice for marine and aquatic applications and is … 1⁄16 in. T651 temper 7075 has an ultimate tensile strength of at least 67,000 – 78,000 psi (462 – 538 MPa) and yield strength of 54,000 – 67,000 psi (372-462 MPa). We can see that the plastic range of aluminum is considerably less than steel (around 11,000 psi plastic range for aluminum, or roughly 24% of the material's ultimate strength). Therefore, if shear strength constitutes one of the major reasons for material selection, some grades of aluminum … Particular attention is paid to the effective width method, which is an approximate method for ultimate strength determination which is still in wide use in design today. Shear Strength 207 MPa 30000 psi AA; Typical Electrical Properties F = 1.57 x .25 x 36,000. elastic limit, yield strength; breaking point, ultimate strength; The strength of a material is a measure of its ability to withstand a load without breaking. Tensile Strength, Ultimate : 228 MPa: 33000 psi: AA; Typical: Tensile Strength, Yield : 193 MPa: 28000 psi: AA; Typical: Elongation at Break : 12 % @Thickness 1.59 mm: 12 % @Thickness 0.0625 in: AA; Typical : 18 % @Diameter 12.7 mm: 18 % @Diameter 0.500 in: AA; Typical: Modulus of Elasticity : 70.3 GPa: 10200 ksi: AA; Typical; Average of tension and compression. Yet, aluminum has 1/3 the density of carbon steel. It is understood that the failure is in the fillet weld. Only a small penetration is performed on the specimen. This is your first mistake. If you melt down pure 6061 T6 and pour it, you will not have a casting made of 6061 T6, even if you temper it. 10 to 35: 14 to 26: 8 to 25: 10.3..... Heat treated. 9. Tensile strength can be calculated from hardness and is convenient because hardness tests—such as Rockwell—are usually simple to do, inexpensive, and nondestructive. by MikeC » Sun Nov 30, 2003 5:18 pm. Answer these questions for Aluminum vs Graphite: a) Why is the ultimate shear strength different? This is also known as the breaking strength. Shear Fatigue strength strength thick thick Hardness, strength limit(h) Temper MPa ksi MPa ksi specimens specimens HB(a) MPa ksi MPa ksi O ..... 90 13 34 5 35 45 23 62 9 34 5 There are two types of UTM namely: screw type and hydraulic type. Shearing force is directly proportional to the material shear strength, which for most materials, is equal to 75-80% of the material’s ultimate tensile strength. 6061 T6 is a heat treated wrought alloy. Aluminum 1100 can also be welded; resistance welding is possible, but it can be difficult and usually requires the attention of skilled welders. Standard. The shock compression is elastic up to 20.5 GPa under these conditions. show that when nanoscale single-crystal diamond needles are elastically deformed, they fail at a maximum local tensile strength of ~89 to 98 GPa. Ultimate strength - The maximum stress a material can withstand Breaking strength - The stress coordinate on the stress-strain curve at the point of rupture Tensile strength is a limit state of tensile stress that leads to tensile failure in one of two manners: b) Why is the angle of twist at break different? Ultimate stress in shear = Vu/bh=109/(12*(3/16))= 48.3psi As you can see, all the stresses are easily well below the 40,000psi yield point of 6061-T6. Then where τall = 15.8 ksi. d) Comment on the difference of the shear modulus for aluminum and graphite. It can be made stronger than mild steel. In general: ductile materials (e.g. Metal Mechanical Properties Chart: Shear Strength, Tensile Strength, Yield Strength Metals & Materials / 5 minutes of reading Recently we’ve been getting a lot of inquiries from readers about mechanical property tables for various metals, such as the shear strength, tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of steel, … Its strength and light weight are also desirable in other fields. Typical shear is 60% of yield. through 5/8 in. As previously explained, all mechanical values were taken from 3003-H18 aluminum alloy, but know the strength values slightly change … 1. If you melt down pure 6061 T6 and pour it, you will not have a casting made of 6061 T6, even if you temper it. We guarantee that your information will not be divulged to … Shear Stress vs Tensile Stress. Mechanical Properties. It has good corrosion resistance and is often used in marine, automotive, and machine applications. It is seen that the ultimate strength of the spot weld is a function of ~a! Chapter 7 presents the sources of uncertainty associated with ultimate strength models. EN485-1. So while the ultimate tensile strength is less on 6061, the yield strength and shear strength are both significantly higher.
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