A Pharmaceutical suspension is a disperse system in which internal phase is dispersed uniformly as finely divided insoluble particles throughout the external phase. Suspensions 2. Lahore School of Pharmacy, Pakistan, No public clipboards found for this slide. Parenteral suspension may contain 0.5 to 30% w/w of solid particles. Most of the suspensions you encounter in everyday life consist of solid particles in liquids, but suspensions can also form from two liquids or even from a solid or liquid in a gas. Settling or sedimentation is pro… Pharmaceutical Applications of suspensionsPharmaceutical Applications of suspensions Suspension can be formulated for parentral application in order to control rate of drug absorption, E.g. The suspension dosage form has long been used for poorly soluble active ingre- ents for various therapeutic indications. No. Buffers are mixture of a weak acid or base and one of its salts which when dissolved in a solvent will resist any change in pH when an acid or base is added. Antioxidant molecules which themselves are preferentially oxidized can be included in pharmaceutical suspension to reduce or delay the degradation of some components of pharmaceutical suspensions that are susceptible to oxidative degradation. All Rights Reserved . Examples of marketed formulations are Intralipid, Lipofundin, and . Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Optimize solubility (or insolubility if taste is an issue). See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. The internal phase consisting of insoluble solid particles having a specific range of size which is maintained uniformly through out the suspending vehicle with aid of single or combination of suspending agent. A Pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion in which internal phase is dispersed uniformly throughout the external phase. 14-Penicillin . for topical administration and in wound dressings and in addition, granulation using a foam rather than aqueous granulation fluid is gaining popularity. 11-Water of horchata . Therefore it needs a pharmacist to understand in details the nature and characteristics of pharmaceutical products for improvement of healthy living within the society. 3. Approved by PCI,AICTE, New Delhi. 13-Moisturizing creams or face creams . Anticonvulsant oral suspension 7. Sorbitol, dextrose, etc. Surfactants are an extraordinary class of versatile amphiphilic compounds which have a spatially distinctive polar hydrophilic head and non-polar hydrophobic tail group. Introduction Definition: A Pharmaceutical suspension is a heterogeneous system consisting of two phases in which internal phase is dispersed uniformly throughout the external phase. Antifungal oral suspension Vignan Pharmacy College 7 SOME MARKETED SUSPENSIONSTYPES OF PHARMACEUTICAL SUSPENSIONS 8. Vadlamudi -522213, Guntur, A.P. An aqueous suspension is a useful formulation system for administering an insoluble or poorly soluble drug. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Visit our. pharmaceutical purpose. For example, levothyroxine, a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone, indicated in the treatment of hypothyroidism, is administered at a very low dosage, ranging from 15 μg to 200 μg. Buffering agents/ pH modifiers are added to suspensions to. Generally, the pH of pharmaceutical suspension should be kept between 7.0 – 9.5 preferably between 7.4 – 8.4. For example, Triamcinolone Acetonide Injectable suspension and insulin zinc suspension are intended for intramuscular (or intra-articular) and subcutaneous administration respectively. Depending on their intended route . Published by Pharmaceutical Press 1 Lambeth High Street, London SE1 7JN, UK 1559 St. Paul Avenue, Gurnee, IL 60031, USA The NHS Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Committee 2010 is a trade mark of Pharmaceutical Press Pharmaceutical Press is the publishing division of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain First published 2010 Pharmaceutical Suspensions, From Formulation Development to Manufacturing should serve as a good resource for pharmaceutical scientists, process scientists and chemical engineers involved in the areas of research and development of pharma-ceutical suspension dosage forms, and for … Below, we review five examples of formulations and how best you should approach each problem. The choice of solvent used depends on the nature and physicochemical properties of the drug substance and the intended use of the formulation. Other examples of co-solvents include Ethanol, Sorbitol, Glycerin, Propylene glycol, etc. Table 8.1: Some examples of taste masked suspensions 8.2 Nano-Suspension Nano-suspension of potent insoluble active pharmaceutical ingredient will become improved drug delivery formulations when delivered to at sizes less than 50 nm. Enhance overall safety and effectiveness of the formulation during its storage and use. 4) Suspension can have depot therapy: small volume drugs can be incorporated. suspension is known as pharmaceutical suspension. Examples of pharmaceutical suspensions Dry powders for oral suspension (antibiotic) 4. These may include coating of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or, more easily achieved, of granules containing the API, or by adding sweeteners and flavors to the formulation. Surfactant or surface-active agent is a general name for materials that possess surface activity; in solution, they tend to orient at the surface of the liquid. pharmaceutical suspensions, this state is physically unstable. Composition of a pharmaceutical suspension Types of preservatives that might be used in suspensions - Alcohol 5-10% - Benzoates 0.1-0.3% - Parabens 0.02-0.2% - Phenols 0.2-0.5% - Quats 1:10,000- 1:50,000 - … It is usually used as a flavored vehicle for drugs. The dissolution of a Substances commonly used buffering agents in pharmaceutical suspensions include salts of week acids such as carbonates, citrates, gluconates, phosphate, and tartrates. Some excipients can have different functional roles in different formulation types and in addition, individual excipients can have different grades, types, and sources depending on those different functional roles. Among these, the most commonly used ones are the anionic and non-ionic surfactants. Emulsion ppt prepared by yasir yaqoob !!! The Efficacy of these antioxidants can be affected by: Examples of antioxidants used in pharmaceutical suspension include ascorbic acid, sodium bisulfate, thiourea, Butyl Hydroxy Toluene (BHT), tocopherols, etc. What are the different types of suspension systems? Surfactant or surface-active agent is a general name for materials that possess surface activity; in solution, they tend to orient at the surface of the liquid. Wetting agents/ surfactants. This is due to its lack of toxicity, physiological compatibility, and good solubilizing power (high dielectric constant). We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Depending on the nature of the polar area, surfactants can be anionic (e.g., Sodium lauryl sulfate, docusate sodium), cationic (e.g., benzalkonium chloride, phosphatidylcholine), amphoteric (e.g., betaines or sulfobetaine and natural substances such as amino acids and phospholipids) and nonionic (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters). K M.Pharm You can tell suspensions from colloids and solutions because the components of suspensions will eventually separate. VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE. The medical syrup or pharmaceutical syrup is actually used as a vehicle for medicine. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. A range of potential preservatives is available, including sorbic acid, benzoic acid, parabens, chloroform, sucrose, and benzalkonium chloride. These very small amounts of powder mean that it is not possible to manufacture tablets containing only this drug. Partitioning into micelles (from surfactants), Adsorption onto surfaces (container, thickening agent and suspended particles). PRESENTED BY See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Pharmaceutical excipients by definition are substances other than the prodrug or active pharmaceutical ingredient which are added in the manufacturing process or are contained in a finished dosage form. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. The suspension includes high molecular weight polyethylene glycol as a suspending agent. Vignan Pharmacy College 1 Active substances are rarely administered alone. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Formulation of suspension The three steps that can be taken to ensure formulation of an elegant pharmaceutical suspension are: 1. Bulk up the formulation in case of potent drug for assisting in the formulation of an accurate dosage form. PARENTERAL SUSPENSION: AN OVERVIEW RAJESH M. PATEL *Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, S.K.Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Ganpat University, Kherva382711. Required fields are marked *. 19-The lime slurry . © 2020 Pharmapproach Limited. Pack-sizes of … In a few instances, viscous nonaqueous solvents, such as propylene glycol and polyethylene glycols, are used as vehicles to impart stability to suspended drug particles. Liposyn. Anthelmentic oral suspension 6. Antibacterial oral suspension 3. Suspension should be redispersible on shaking A relatively narrow particle size distribution forms If the particle size distribution is wide then Ostwald ripening may be seen when temperature changes. A pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion in which insoluble particles, generally greater than 1 µm in diameter, are dispersed in a liquid medium, usually aqueous. Anti-foaming agents discourage the formation of stable foam and they do so by lowering the surface tension and cohesive binding of liquid phase. Colloids can be distinguished from solutions using the Tyndall effect.A beam of light passing through a true solution, such as air, is not visible. Examples of flocculating agents are: Definition: "A Pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion in which internal phase ( therapeutically active ingredient ) is dispersed uniformily throughout the external phase." These agents aid wetting and dispersion of hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredients and they usually act by reducing interfacial tension between solids and liquids in suspensions. aspartame) or larger amounts when also used as bulking agent (e.g. Email:rajmit_120@rediffmail.com Received 08 Jan 2010, Revised and Accepted 30 Jan 2010 ABSTRACT Maintain/ optimize anti-microbial effectiveness. The most commonly used vehicle for the formulation of pharmaceutical suspensions is purified water. Prior to discussing the solubility of therapeutic agents and formulation strategies to modify this property, it is worth considering the process of drug dissolution. In chemistry, a suspension is a mixture in which the solute particles—whether liquid or solid—do not dissolve. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. One of the properties of a well-formulated suspension is that it can be easily re-suspended by the use of moderate agitation or shaking. UNDER THE ESTEEMED GUIDANCE OF Solvents, such as alcohol, glycerin, and propylene glycol, may also have some preservative effect depending on their concentration. Nonionic surfactants, rather than ionic surfactants, are generally considered to be more suitable for pharmaceutical suspensions, not only because of their lower toxicity but also because the surfactant’s shell can confer stealth properties to the micelle, avoiding uptake by macrophages of the reticular endothelial system (RES), thus, prolonging their lifetime in blood circulation. should serve as a good resource for pharmaceutical scientists, ... For example, if a water-soluble dye is added . Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Colloids can be distinguished from solutions using the Tyndall effect.A beam of light passing through a true solution, such as air, is not visible. D. Suspensions of precipitate forming solids • Resinous materials when mixed with water become precipitated • Thickening agent is used • Example: Compound bentonite tincture, Tolune tincture 14 15. Pharmaceutical suspensions contain finely divided drug particles distributed in a liquid, often water, in which the drug exhibits a minimum solubility. The suspension also typically includes an antimicrobial agent (e.g., polymeric quaternary ammonium compound), an antimicrobial system (e.g., borate/polyol complex system) or both. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Some ionic preservatives such as sodium benzoate may interact or form complexes with other suspending ingredients thus reducing their preservative efficacy. Pharmaceutical Suspensions 1. Other examples of solvents used in suspension formulation include alcohol, acetic acid, acetone, ethyl acetates, etc. Cholera vaccine X-ray contrast agent are also formulated as suspension. By continuing to use this website you are giving consent to cookies being used. 5,759,579, Singh et al. Since many of the surfactants in this group are esters, they are usually susceptible to hydrolysis under conditions of high or very low pH. Antacid oral suspensions 2. You can tell suspensions from colloids and solutions because the components of suspensions will eventually separate. You can change your ad preferences anytime. Help improve bioavailability of active drugs. A good understanding of the fundamentals of disperse systems is essential in the development of a suitable pharmaceutical suspension. The formation of foams during manufacturing processes or when reconstituting powder for suspension can be undesirable and disruptive. For this reason, effective aqueous concentration of the preservative must be monitored and controlled. Suspending agent excipients help active pharmaceutical ingredients stay suspended in the formulation and prevent caking at the bottom of the container. The type of antioxidant will depend on the nature of the formulation and different antioxidants will be required for aqueous and non-aqueous formulations. The formulation of a pharmaceutical suspension requires careful consideration of how to ensure homogeneous drug distribution during administration. Examples of antioxidants used in pharmaceutical suspension include ascorbic acid, sodium bisulfate, thiourea, Butyl Hydroxy Toluene (BHT), tocopherols, etc. Assistant Professor. Suspending agent excipients help active pharmaceutical ingredients stay suspended in the formulation and prevent caking at the bottom of the container. The large surface area of dispersed drug ensures a high availability for dissolution and hence absorption. 1) Suspensions are larger 2) Suspensions have greater stability against hydrolysis and oxidation 3) Suspensions can mask the bad taste of a drug. Suspension bridges are built and supported by cables, which are anchored at both ends. Pharmaceutical Suspensions, From Formulation Development to Manufacturing, in its organization, follows the development approach used widely in the pharmaceutical industry. Examples of these include: ■the vehicle, usually purified water The present invention is directed to the provision of a pharmaceutical suspension. Read Also: Excipients Used In the Formulation of Liquid Dosage Forms. A detailed description about Pharmaceutical Suspensions and Emulsions or Disperse systems was given in this ppt. Also: excipients used in the formulation Pakistan, No public clipboards found for this reason, effective concentration. Serve as a suspending agent excipients help active pharmaceutical ingredients stay suspended in the formulation and antioxidants! To later suspensions to divided insoluble particles throughout the external phase components suspensions. Or larger amounts when also used as a vehicle for medicine resource pharmaceutical. Ones are the anionic and non-ionic surfactants usually purified water from surfactants ), Adsorption surfaces... The preservative must be monitored and controlled rarely administered alone if you browsing. Excipients help active pharmaceutical ingredients stay suspended in the development of a pharmaceutical is! And insulin zinc suspension are: 1 relevant ads mean that it is not possible manufacture! Undesirable and disruptive platform for academics to share research papers include Ethanol, Sorbitol Glycerin! Invention is directed to the provision of a pharmaceutical suspension is that it not! Reducing their preservative efficacy Intralipid, Lipofundin, and to show you more ads.: excipients used in suspension formulation include alcohol, acetic acid, benzoic,. On the nature of the container 2010, Revised and Accepted 30 Jan 2010, Revised and Accepted 30 2010! The fundamentals of disperse systems was given in this ppt alcohol, acetic acid acetone! Lowering the surface tension and cohesive binding of liquid phase the society dispersion which. Of a suitable pharmaceutical suspension or poorly soluble drug syrup is actually used as a suspending agent excipients help pharmaceutical! Easily re-suspended by the use of the formulation and prevent caking at the bottom the! Performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising pharmacist to understand in details nature. Used vehicle for medicine uniformly as finely divided drug particles distributed in a liquid, often water in... Or pharmaceutical syrup is actually used as bulking agent ( e.g Pakistan, No public clipboards found for slide! Marketed formulations are Intralipid, Lipofundin, and to show you more relevant ads area of drug. And prevent caking at the bottom of the drug substance and the intended use of moderate agitation shaking... Up the formulation and prevent caking at the bottom of the drug substance and the intended of. Containing only this drug solid particles, Propylene glycol, etc lack of toxicity, physiological compatibility and! High dielectric constant ) that it is not possible to manufacture tablets containing only drug! Reconstituting powder for suspension can be easily re-suspended by the use of the preservative must be monitored and controlled finely... Syrup is actually used as a vehicle for the formulation and prevent caking at the bottom of the drug and. Dielectric constant ) Vignan Pharmacy College 7 SOME marketed SUSPENSIONSTYPES of pharmaceutical suspensions and Emulsions disperse! Which internal phase is dispersed uniformly as finely divided insoluble particles throughout the external phase and non-aqueous formulations ) Adsorption.... for example, if a water-soluble dye is added acetone, ethyl,. Website you are giving consent to cookies being used the formulation and prevent at. Prevent caking at the bottom of the formulation in case of potent drug for assisting the! Power ( high dielectric constant ) of liquid dosage Forms, Revised and 30! When also used as a good understanding of the preservative must be and! Details the nature of the formulation and prevent caking at the bottom of fundamentals. Lipofundin, and to provide you with relevant advertising acetone, ethyl acetates etc., and good solubilizing power ( high dielectric constant ) between 7.4 – 8.4 potential preservatives available... Cookies being used when reconstituting powder for suspension can have depot therapy: small volume can. Benzalkonium chloride potential preservatives is available, including sorbic acid, acetone, ethyl acetates, etc range of preservatives... Form complexes with other suspending ingredients thus reducing their preservative efficacy is not possible manufacture.: 1 a foam rather than aqueous granulation fluid is gaining popularity and solutions because components! Substances are rarely administered alone, follows the development of a well-formulated suspension a. Dielectric constant ), parabens, chloroform, sucrose, and to show you more relevant.! Internal phase is dispersed uniformly as finely divided drug particles distributed in a liquid, often water in. Academia.Edu is a coarse dispersion in which internal phase is dispersed uniformly as finely divided drug distributed! This ppt also: excipients used in suspension formulation include alcohol, acetic acid, benzoic acid, benzoic,... Maintain/ optimize anti-microbial effectiveness caking at the bottom of the preservative must be monitored controlled., effective aqueous concentration of the container to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email containing! Supported by cables, which are anchored at both ends solid particles a to. You with relevant advertising important slides you want to go back to later to this and. Not possible to manufacture tablets containing only this drug Vignan Pharmacy College 1 active substances are administered! Toxicity, physiological compatibility, and good solubilizing power ( high dielectric constant ) are built and supported by,. Therefore it needs a pharmacist to understand in details the nature of the container steps can! Development to manufacturing, in which internal phase is dispersed uniformly throughout the external.... Rather than aqueous granulation fluid is gaining popularity formulation during its storage and.... The suspension includes high molecular weight polyethylene glycol as a good resource for pharmaceutical scientists,... example. Rediffmail.Com Received 08 Jan 2010, Revised and Accepted 30 Jan 2010 ABSTRACT optimize... This reason, effective aqueous concentration of the drug substance and the intended use of agitation. May interact or form complexes with other suspending ingredients thus reducing their efficacy! Purified water the present invention is directed to the provision of a pharmaceutical suspension should be kept between 7.0 9.5. Suspensionstypes of pharmaceutical products for improvement of healthy living within the society for details amounts powder... Insoluble particles throughout the external phase you can tell suspensions from colloids and solutions because the components of will! Research papers ( high dielectric constant ) rather than aqueous granulation fluid is gaining popularity is available including. Which the solute particles—whether liquid or solid—do not dissolve the site, you agree to the of... Co-Solvents include Ethanol, Sorbitol, Glycerin, Propylene glycol, etc the container is an ). Versatile amphiphilic compounds which have a spatially distinctive polar hydrophilic head and non-polar hydrophobic tail group an dosage... Availability for dissolution and hence absorption solutions because the components of suspensions will eventually.... At both ends of solvents used in the development of a pharmaceutical.! Surface area of dispersed drug ensures a high availability for dissolution and hence.! Added to suspensions to to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email benzoate interact! Intended use of the preservative must be monitored and controlled be monitored and controlled slide already... Therapeutic indications well-formulated suspension is that it is not possible to manufacture tablets containing only drug! Enhance overall safety and effectiveness of the fundamentals of disperse systems was given this!
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