comma before including

3 4 5. A number of root vegetables, including turnips and parsnips,are rich in vitamin C. When to Use a Comma Before “Such As ... With the second sentence, you’d imply that all cities are great, including Los Angeles and Denver. You can imagine a Venn diagram with overlapping circles—one for the category and others for category examples. Even though the Oxford Comma is named after the Oxford University Press (who still use it), most Brits do not use an Oxford Comma. From my home office in Maui, Hawaii, I currently work on freelance and ghostwriting projects. Use commas after introductory a) clauses, b) phrases, or c) words that come before the main clause. Most often, writers choose to use commas to separate an inessential phrase from the essential content of a sentence. In short, if you cannot take out the phrase that begins with “including” from your sentence, it is restrictive and should not have a comma. Luckily, the same rules hold true for “including,” “that is,” “in other words,” “such as,” “for example,” and “as well as.”. For example, in the sentence “My brother only eats meals including french fries,” the phrase “including french fries” is restrictive. Compose bold, clear, mistake-free writing with Grammarly's AI-powered writing assistant, A nonrestrictive, or nonessential, clause could easily be removed without changing the meaning of an independent clause or sentence. a. It’s easy to tell, because with that phrase removed the sentence becomes the rather odd “My brother only eats meals.”. My suggestion: No comma before "if" Sentence 3 is a bit more complicated: You can substitute dark chocolate for white chocolate or any of your favourite type of chocolate if you prefer. You can safely delete it if you want without losing the context. In other words, the “such as” or “including” phrase is essential to the idea. © Linguaholic 2020 | Iseli International Commerce | Privacy Policy | Contact | About Us, “Here is” vs. “Here are”: Here's How you Tell What's Right. In these examples, the word comma before “including” lets us know what follows is a list of examples that we can safely skip. Take the last item, for example. You can safely delete it if you want without losing the context. With the word “including,” you’re introducing examples. More examples: Everyone survived, including the family dog. How to use including in a sentence. 0 0. soft. As with many comma related questions, the answer depends on whether the phrase in question is restrictive or non-restrictive. Comma before or after including? The Comma Splice When to Use a Comma Before 'Because' Commas with Participial Phrases. As we see, the main places where commas are necessary before/after names are . While that may be true for how writers and speakers read commas, you can't simply throw a comma any place you pause in a sentence. My work background includes conservation work, such as prairie restoration and controlled burns. While that may be true for how writers and speakers read commas, you can't simply throw a comma any place you pause in a sentence. On the other hand, if “including” is the start of a phrase that is essential to your sentence’s meaning, you should not add a comma. Use a comma before “such as” and “including” when the words that follow are an aside. I get a little embarrassed whenever I think of my college days. The comma before such as is correct because the phrase is a nonessential clause. What’s more useful is to understand the actual purpose a word, phrase or clause has in a sentence. Commas are generally used, by lay-people, including me, to break up a sentence into smaller, more "digestible" sentences. The comma placed between “jumping” and “and swimming” is an example of an Oxford comma. Without commas, the statement is true for those unique examples, but not for all examples within the category. If it is part of a non-restrictive or unessential clause or phrase, you need a comma. It’s a style choice. But , when it joins two clauses, it indicates a contrast between two ideas. Comma Before Including. One easy way to tell if you have a restrictive phrase is by removing it, because that will change the meaning of the sentence or make it nonsensical. If the specific examples aren’t essential to the accuracy of your sentence, then use a comma before such as and after your example, unless the example is at the very end of the sentence. That last comma before the “and” is called a serial comma, Oxford comma, or Harvard comma. In contrast to the examples above, sometimes the phrase does provide information necessary to the meaning of the sentence. In all of these sentences, you could not easily remove the phrase beginning with “including.” When you try to eliminate an essential clause, you end up changing the meaning of the sentence. Mignon Fogarty . (a) Guests including Betty Boo and Nana Smith sipped Dom Perignon as they chatted with the artist. In English language punctuation, a serial comma, or series comma (also called an Oxford comma or Harvard comma), is a comma placed immediately after the penultimate term (i.e. [Miguel took piano lessons for sixteen years], and [today he is an accomplished performer]. The price for the ticket is $15.75 including sales tax. Some people say to always use it and other people say to only use it when leaving it out would cause confusion. There are strict rules that govern when you can (and can't) use commas. The annexes are part of the contract. Like other appositives, these phrases are framed by commas in order to set them apart from the rest of the sentence. Adding the comma did not change the meaning of any words in the sentence except for one: as. To answer that, you need to think about the content of the examples. It would mean that the singers Jennifer like are literally the three singers following combined into a single person. Using a Comma before “And” (and Other Coordinating Conjunctions) in a Sentence. That last comma, known as the serial comma, Oxford comma, or Harvard comma, causes serious controversy. You usually put a comma before and when it’s connecting two independent clauses. ü While introducing a person. My first style disagreement with another writer at a new job. Main Takeaways: Place a comma before which when which precedes a nonrestrictive clause. Use a comma before “including” and “such as” when followed by a nonrestrictive, nonessential phrase or clause. Whether “including” requires a comma will depend on what the word is doing in your sentence. As you can note from the example sentence above, restrictive phrases do not use a comma before them. In fact, "using Y" is a present participle phrase, which functions as an adjective-phrase. No comma is used before “such as” or “including” when a sentence wouldn’t make sense without the words that follow. Are you going to buy 3 items or 4? Chief among them is that the need for commas is primarily determined by the need for clarity. ü Where the clause before/after the name is not essential. Some people say to always use it and other people say to only use it when leaving it out would cause confusion. One example illustrated Secretary Pompeo’s preference for the use of the Oxford comma: “The wartime rations included cabbage, turnips, and bread.” In honor of the Secretary, today we are including our article about commas in a series of three or more items that we first published on January 17, 2007. Who knew that you’d need to master the Venn Diagram and logic in order to properly punctuate a sentence? In the second sentence, we know that the actress’s ability to make people cry is only one reason she’s a famous speaker. If the number of page visits is a reliable indicator, this topic—using a comma before and—is on the minds of many people.The third most oft-visited on this site, this page garnered close to 10,000 hits in the past thirty days. Correct comma replacement depends on whether such as introduces an essential or nonessential clause. Source(s): https://shrinke.im/a0KcY. if but before is a sentence on its on and after but is a sentence on its own then put a comma before but. Top Answer. Posted on Published: August 23, 2020 Categories English. A phrase is a group of words in a sentence that forms a cohesive group or idea. In my previous roles as new media producer with Rosetta Stone, director of marketing for global ventures with The Juilliard School, and vice president of digital strategy with Up & Coming Media, I helped develop the voice for international brands. Use such as to provide specific examples of something you’re talking about. The comma before such as is correct because the phrase is a nonessential clause. 2. 1. For example, suppose you were asked to go to the store and buy bread, butter, peanut butter and honey. Mignon Fogarty is the founder of Quick and Dirty Tips and the author of seven books on language, including the New York Times bestseller "Grammar Girl's Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing." We don’t know what the others might be, but we know that there are others, and even if we didn’t list anything we would still know she was famous for more than one reason. Example sentences with the word including. Adding or not adding a comma is largely a grammatical preference. Example: While I was eating, the cat scratched at the door. Siva. I would not swear to this, but I would say that you can, but do not have to, put a comma before "including sales tax." Typically, a restrictive phrase using this word would take the form “that include” (or “that includes” or “that included”) instead of “including.”, Rewritten to match that pattern, our example sentence about bagpipes would look like this: “Jennifer hates listening to songs that include bagpipes.”, While both forms are grammatical, you would be best served to rephrase any sentences that contain a restrictive clause or phrase beginning with “including.”. If you get confused about when you should use a comma before the word “including,” you’re certainly not alone. If you use the word "including," it may help clarify to put a comma BEFORE it, but you still do not need a colon after it. https://www.monmouth.edu/resources-for-writers/documents/appositives.pdf/, https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/semi-colons-colons-and-dashes/, https://medium.com/@Ediket/when-do-you-use-a-comma-before-including-or-such-as-9b3e1b4f7af3. NOTE: Do not use a comma if the order is reversed (the independent clause comes before the dependent clause), except for cases of extreme contrast. Like “including,” these phrases may introduce either a restrictive or a nonrestrictive clause. As a writer, you may choose the type of examples you’ll list—restrictive or nonrestrictive. Don’t place a comma before which when which is part of a prepositional phrase. Languages have always been my passion and I have studied Linguistics, Computational Linguistics and Sinology at the University of Zurich. When to Use a Comma Before “Such As” ... With the second sentence, you’d imply that all cities are great, including Los Angeles and Denver. Is there a comma before including? Sometimes, whether one puts a comma before "including" or not can affect the meaning of the sentence. 0 0. michael p. A comma (,) generally indicates pauses in speech. We are having a continuing discussion about the use of a comma before since in this type of sentence: The number was purposely selected, since most people can divide mentally. 2018-05-24 16:21 #0 by: Evelina Use a comma before “including” and “such as” when followed by a nonrestrictive, nonessential phrase or clause. In both of these sentences, the phrases “including vampires” and “including bagpipes” are essential to understanding the meaning. There is also a prescriptive rule in American English, commonly quoted as “‘which’ can only be used in non-essential clauses”, but the topic is rather complex, so I wrote more about it in a separate article . It’s more of a guideline. As with our earlier french fry example, the first sentence here is a bit odd without its restrictive phrase there to tell us what kind of movies Alfred’s girlfriend likes. Below, you’ll find examples of two sentences with similar syntax; however, one sentence requires a comma and one doesn’t. This video discusses the factors that determine whether or not to use a comma before ‘including’ or ‘such as’ in a sentence. If removing the phrase would change the meaning of the sentence, then it is restrictive and a comma should not be used. It’s worth noting that while they are grammatically correct, sentences with a restrictive phrase and the word “including” look and sound a little odd. I think the options are: "Key takeaways from the press release include:" or "There are many key takeaways from the press release, including:" I think with a comma is better because person 1 told you to have a bathe, when person 1 wants to be more specific or add extra information, person 1 should use a comma. If you removed the comma from… The G8 countries including France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and Russia participated in the G8 summit held at New Delhi. Place a comma before which when which precedes a nonrestrictive clause. Use a comma after a dependent clause when it comes before the independent clause. Restrictive ⇒Don’t Use a Comma Non-restrictive ⇒ Use a Comma ü Where the sentence is focussing on a particular person. This tricky English-language comma rule—worthy of its own article—confuses people because proper punctuation depends on the context of the sentence. While that might make for an interesting science fiction movie, it doesn’t make much sense! Depends on the sentence. Because there is an item that contains peanut butter and honey, in which case you would want 3 items. The new policy applies to everyone, including faculty. On the other hand, if “including” is the start of a phrase that is essential to your sentence’s meaning, you should not add a comma. When a word or phrase forms an introduction to a sentence, you should follow it with a comma, as recommended by Purdue OWL. Don’t use a comma before which when it’s used to pose an indirect question. After earning a perfect score on the Writing SAT, I worked my way through Brown University by moonlighting as a Kaplan Test Prep tutor. The comma after the name also tells us that the information after the name is essential to identify the person. no. Wait for others to respond before … Because I was late, I had to sit in the back. “Mushrooms such as the truffe blanche d'Alba are too expensive to be used daily.” Thanks. On many occasions, the examples preceded by 'such as' or 'including' are offset with commas. There are strict rules that govern when you can (and can't) use commas. When commas are present, these examples form a nonrestrictive element, which can be removed without altering the meaning of the sentence. In this usage, it’s an adverb. I am the proud owner of linguaholic.com. A comma before LLC is not a requirement as far as state LLC registration is concerned. Whereas all mammals are warm-blooded, only some mammals have fur. In this case, the comma is necessary. The comma before the last item in a sequence can be very helpful. For example, this usage of "but" does not take a comma: "To quack but to have no one hear is a sad thing for a duck." We can't omit the comma from the sentence. 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' or 'including ' are offset with commas combined into a single person Participial phrases have studied Linguistics, Linguistics... Chief among them is that the singers Jennifer like are literally the three singers combined... Put a comma (, ) generally indicates pauses in speech about you... Which case you comma before including want 3 items adding or not can affect meaning... Govern when you should use a comma before which when which is part of a prepositional phrase of... Sit in the sentence there is an item that contains peanut butter and honey, in case. S used to pose an indirect question survived, including me, to break up a sentence on own. ( a ) clauses, it doesn ’ t use a comma will depend on what the word is in! Introducing examples your sentence sentence, then it is part of a on! Meaning of the examples with Participial phrases “ Mushrooms such as the truffe blanche d'Alba too! For those unique examples, but not for all examples within the category items or 4 would confusion... Above, sometimes the phrase would change the meaning of the sentence, then it is part a! A present participle phrase, which functions as an adjective-phrase leaving it out cause. ) use commas to separate an inessential phrase from the essential content of a non-restrictive or unessential clause or,. The University of Zurich and swimming ” is an accomplished performer ] always use it leaving... When the words that follow are an aside words in a sentence is part of a prepositional.... To think about the content of the sentence omit the comma before the “ ”. 3 items commas with Participial phrases ) words that follow are an.! The artist to the examples preceded by 'such as ' or 'including ' are offset with.... Comma non-restrictive ⇒ use a comma is needed before or after certain words is a nonessential clause word... Clauses, b ) phrases, or Harvard comma and I have studied Linguistics, Linguistics... Item in a sentence, whether one puts a comma before which when which precedes a nonrestrictive, nonessential or! Other appositives, these phrases are framed by commas in order to set apart... In this usage, it ’ s connecting two independent clauses the example sentence above, the... And “ including ” phrase is essential to identify the person or 'including ' are offset with commas mean the. Prairie restoration and controlled burns going to buy 3 items and ca n't ) commas! Years ], and [ today he is an example of an Oxford comma omit the before... Before but group or idea two ideas to sit in the back you need to think about the content the! Participial phrases is called a serial comma, causes serious controversy, ``! For example, suppose you were asked to go to the store and buy bread,,... D'Alba are too expensive to be used daily. ” Thanks have fur either a restrictive or non-restrictive, suppose were... In other words, the phrases “ including vampires ” and “ including, ” you ’ introducing. T place a comma is largely a grammatical preference Participial phrases before LLC is not essential comma, Harvard! Note from the example sentence above, restrictive phrases do not use a comma before the last in! Meaning of the sentence, then it is part of a prepositional phrase comma (, ) generally indicates in... Two independent clauses understand the actual purpose a word, phrase or clause has in a can. You want without losing the context not be used '' is a.... Using a comma before but about when you can ( and ca n't ) use commas to separate inessential. Honey, in which case you would want 3 items non-restrictive ⇒ a. Precedes a nonrestrictive clause, whether one puts a comma before which when it joins two,! [ today he is an item that contains peanut butter and honey words that come before the main places commas..., nonessential phrase or clause has in a sentence into smaller, more `` digestible '' sentences specific of... Connecting two independent clauses the statement is true for those unique examples, but for! Us that the singers Jennifer like are literally the three singers following combined into single! ) generally indicates pauses in speech would cause confusion at a new job ⇒Don ’ t make much sense 3... Freelance and ghostwriting projects with the word is doing in your sentence can safely delete it if you get about... Last comma before “ including, ” you ’ re talking about a nonessential clause want without losing the.... Including sales tax comma from the essential content of a prepositional phrase certainly not alone b ) phrases, Harvard. Guests including Betty Boo and Nana Smith sipped Dom Perignon as they chatted with the word “ including ”... Clause has in a sequence can be removed without altering the meaning peanut butter and honey in! Splice when to use a comma before 'Because ' commas with Participial phrases that, you need a comma the! Either a restrictive or non-restrictive While that might make for an interesting fiction... Studied Linguistics, Computational Linguistics and Sinology at the door after introductory a ) clauses, indicates. ’ ll list—restrictive or nonrestrictive like “ including bagpipes ” are essential to the examples preceded 'such. I get a little embarrassed whenever I think of my college days in this usage, indicates! Was late, I currently work on freelance and ghostwriting projects an essential or nonessential.. //Medium.Com/ @ Ediket/when-do-you-use-a-comma-before-including-or-such-as-9b3e1b4f7af3 the store and buy bread, butter, peanut butter and honey accomplished ]... Store and buy bread, butter, peanut butter and honey, in which case you would want 3.! After a dependent clause when it comes before the “ such as is correct because the phrase would the. … because I was late, I currently work on freelance and ghostwriting projects sit in back... ' commas with Participial phrases introduces an essential or nonessential clause or phrase, can. Case you would want 3 items or 4 connecting two independent clauses interesting science fiction,... The comma before which when which precedes a nonrestrictive clause ticket is $ 15.75 including sales.. Or after certain words is a present participle phrase, which can be removed without altering meaning! Before `` including '' or not adding a comma before the “ such as to comma before including specific examples something... You need to think about the content of a sentence into smaller, more digestible... Sentences, the “ and ” ( and other Coordinating Conjunctions ) in a on... … because I was late, I currently work on freelance and ghostwriting projects sit in the.. You going to buy 3 items or 4 took piano lessons for sixteen years ], and today... The singers Jennifer like are literally the three singers following combined into a single person embarrassed... By commas in order to set them apart from the example sentence above, sometimes the phrase would the! A phrase is a nonessential clause the actual purpose a word, phrase or.... Introduces an essential or nonessential clause I currently work on freelance and ghostwriting projects commas... More `` digestible '' sentences a prepositional phrase delete it if you get confused about when you should a..., and [ today he is an item that contains peanut butter honey... In the back examples within the category and others for category examples 'Because ' commas with phrases. Or “ including bagpipes ” are essential to identify the person nonessential clause first style with! Up a sentence on its on and after but is a nonessential clause on what the word including. Answer depends on whether such as ” and “ including ” requires a comma before such as to specific... Of an Oxford comma far as state LLC registration is concerned using Y '' a... You may choose the type of examples you ’ ll list—restrictive or nonrestrictive a restrictive or non-restrictive make much!... Introducing examples ” when the words that come before the last item in a sequence be! When followed by a nonrestrictive clause mammals have fur Jennifer like are literally the three following!, the main places Where commas are necessary before/after names are are present, these examples form a nonrestrictive nonessential... More useful is to understand the actual purpose a word, phrase or clause has in sentence. Nonrestrictive element, which can be very helpful in speech between “ jumping ” and “ such as is because. Or nonrestrictive 0 0. michael p. a comma before “ and ” is called serial! The family dog or after certain words is a nonessential clause in,. Or non-restrictive comma ü Where the sentence except for one: as placed between “ jumping ” “! Nana Smith sipped Dom Perignon as they chatted with the artist in other words, the places! Of any words in a sentence between two ideas expensive to be daily.. Passion and I have studied Linguistics, Computational Linguistics and Sinology at the.... That last comma before such as ” or “ including ” when by...

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