} The First Sudanese Civil War (also known as the Anyanya Rebellion or Anyanya I, after the name of the rebels) was a conflict from 1955 to 1972 between the northern part of Sudan and the southern Sudan region that demanded representation and more regional autonomy. The British failure to ensure equity for both the north and the south would create have lasting effects. The 1990s saw a succession of regional efforts to broker an end to the Sudanese north-south civil war. The accords also recognized Arabic as Sudan's official language, and English as the south's principal language, which would be used in administration and would be taught in the schools. However, in the run-up to the granting of Sudan's independence, the civil service and administration were placed increasingly in Northern Sudanese hands - largely excising the Soutern Sudanese from the government. 32. On April 6, senior military officers led by Gen. Abdul Rahman Suwar ad-Dahhab mounted a coup. 1990. Culturally, Northern Sudanese people spoke Arabic and identified with Saudi Arabia and North Africa while the Southerners looked to Ethiopia and the newly-independent states of Sub-Saharan Africa. The death and destruction are unrelenting. He believed he could stop the fighting and stabilize the region by granting regional selfgovernment and undertaking economic development in the south. Username/Email * Password * Estimates of Anya Nya personnel strength ranged from 5,000 to 10,000. 2006. The southern soldiers, however, appeared to be sympathetic to the protesters, prompting the central government in Khartoum (the capital of Sudan) to replace them with troops from the northern region. However, in 1983 President Nimeiri undertook several decisions that abrogated key terms of the agreement, including imposing Shari’a Law across the entire country and abolishing the Southern … Outraged, the southern soldiers mutinied, killing 336 northerners, both soldiers and civilians. Perhaps three million have been killed since its beginning in 1955. And the levels of hunger and misery are staggering. Jan 1, 1956. Although many SSLM leaders opposed the settlement, Lagu approved its terms and both sides agreed to a cease-fire. South Sudan - South Sudan - Government and society: The creation of the semiautonomous region of southern Sudan was provided for by the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that ended the long-running civil war between the north and the south. }, Page last modified: 1960. Sudan’s first civil war was fought between the Arab-led Khartoum government in the north and rebels in the largely Christian and animist south. Although the SSLM created a governing infrastructure throughout many areas of southern Sudan, real power remained with Anya Nya, with Lagu at its head. 11-07-2011 03:29:50 ZULU. "true" : "false") + "; expires=" + d.toUTCString() + "; path=/"; The Northern two-thirds of Sudan were overwhelmingly Muslim while Christianity or indigenous religions were most popular in the south. 31 During the 2005–11 Interim Period, more than 80 percent of defence spending was on wages and allowances, which were usually hugely overspent (see Table 1). The atrocities I hear hardly capture the scale of the human catastrophe. Fields marked with an asterisk (*) are required. The instances started with the First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972), then the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005), and then the ongoing conflict that started in 2011. Israel, for example, trained Anya Nya recruits and shipped weapons via Ethiopia and Uganda to the rebels. The First and Second Sudanese Civil War. The First Sudanese Civil War (also known as the Anyanya Rebellion or Anyanya I, after the name of the rebels, a term in the Madi language which means 'snake venom') was a conflict from 1955 to 1972 between the northern part of Sudan and the southern Sudan region that demanded representation and more regional autonomy. The High Executive Council or cabinet named by the regional president would be responsible for all aspects of government in the region except such areas as defense, foreign affairs, currency and finance, economic and social planning, and interregional concerns, authority over which would be retained by the national government in which southerners would be represented. The two sides signed the Addis Ababa accords on March 27, 1972, which was thereafter celebrated as National Unity Day. In Uncategorized. The mutinies were suppressed, though survivors fled the towns and began an uncoordinated insurgency in rural areas. Although the Soviet Union had concluded a US$100 million to US$150 million arms agreement with Sudan in August 1968, which included T-55 tanks, armored personnel carriers, and aircraft, the nation failed to deliver any equipment to Khartoum by May 1969. The First and Second Sudanese Civil War Timeline created by lanetech. Eventually, however, the two sides, with the help of Ethiopia's Emperor Haile Selassie, reached an agreement. Timeline created by lanetech. On August 18, 1955, the Equatoria Corps, which was composed mostly of British Colonial soldiers from southern Sudan, attempted to disperse a crowd of protesters in the town of Torit, Sudan (now Torit, South Sudan). 1964. He received crucial military support from the Soviet Union. However, when negotiations failed to result in a settlement, Khartoum increased troop strength in the south to about 12,000 in 1969, and intensified military activity throughout the region. 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